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Semen quality and reproductive performance after artificial insemination with boar sperm stored in a gelatin-supplemented extender. The effect of motility, ejaculate volume, ejaculate sperm concentration and diluted sperm concentration, morphology, acrosomal integrity, cell membrane functionality, boar age, rest days between ejaculations, days of semen storage, farrowing, and wean-to-estrus interval were assessed on pregnancy rate and number of piglets born. After 5 min of incubation at 38°C, c-WFW and MK5E exerted contrary effects on boar sperm motility. Easy steps for boar evaluation. was used to evaluate the sperm concentration (Vyt et al., 2004). Sperm concentration (thousands//*].) Capacitation, as a complex biological process, is influenced by many molecular factors, among which steroidal hormone estrogens play their role. Method agreement was evaluated on the basis of scatter plots with Deming regression line, absolute bias plots with limits of agreement, and relative bias. To ensure uniformity of the semen doses, the accurate and precise determination of sperm concentration is a prerequisite for AI-stations, especially as AI-stations are trying to reduce the number of sperm per semen dose1. The dependence of the ejaculate characteristics and the size and shape of sperm on the sperm concentration is influenced by the breed. The SpermaCue is a specialized photometic that is widely used in boar semen laboratories. Estrogens stimulate sperm capacitation of boar sperm collected from different individuals. 1990). Sample opacity is usually estimated using a photometer, an instrument that measures the percentage transmittance/absorbency of light through a sample. Two-step density gradient centrifugation by Percoll enhanced significantly the motility parameters of sperm compared with a simple centrifugation procedure. The plasma membrane of boar sperm contains a higher concentration of phospholipids and a lower concentration of cholesterol . Application : in vitro determination of proAKAP4 concentrations in boar semen (all breeds) Sperm motility tended to be greater for DI boars compared to CNT boars (P = 0.066). The effects of Percoll density gradient centrifugation on sperm quality, in vitro fertilizability and developmental capacity of frozen-thawed boar sperm were evaluated. Table 3. Since the method which is used may influence the results considerably, the aim of the present study was to compare 5 frequently used techniques to determine boar semen concentration. As sperm concentration increases, the amount of seminal plasma per sperm cell decreases. The most common way of estimating sperm concentration in gel-free boar semen is by measuring the degree of sample opacity. Both the viability and motility of sperm post-thaw were highest when preserved with 3% glycerol vs. other glycerol concentrations and a control sample without CPA. A total of 10 mature boars were fed from weaning to 18 mo of age diets fortified with two levels of supplemental Se (0 or .5 ppm) or vitamin E (0 or 220 IU/kg diet). Six ejaculates from each boar and a total of 30 . Sperm concentration is linked to age of the boar and differences in tens of billions have been observed (Clark et al., 2003). midpiece. In boars, the semen also contains large quantities of gel. The first step is to calculate the concentration of spermatozoa per mL of extended semen. The trial period lasted for 15 weeks and was divided into four periods: Control period: three weeks before vaccination; Period I - four weeks . First o allf, its volume is extraordinarily large, . Excessive collection in a short time reduces the quality and quantity of semen and the boar's sex drive. If you do not have a sperm counting device, you will have to follow some guidelines. Using 150 mLs of semen extender consistently resulted in a concentration of sperm that was too dilute to extend to a concentration of 37.5 × 10 6 sperm/mL, which is the swine industry standard concentration used in artificial insemination (AI) doses. The pellet was resuspended to 107 sperm/ml in different media according to the experiment, as stated in each case. The agreement between determining sperm concentration using Makler chamber and a photometer has been assessed. The authors conclude that 2-3% glycerol is the best concentration range for boar sperm with respect to motility post-thaw and gene expression patterns. If selection is based on semen quality, it must be taken into account that the sperm quality of boars younger than 8 months is lower than in older boars [].Therefore, selecting boars for AI at young ages based on semen quality can be misleading. Four ejaculates were collected manually from each boar. Preliminary research tested whether 50, 100 or 150 mLs of semen extender should be included in the collection bag at the time of collection. Poster presentations 502 sperm concentration and total and progressive motilities in Duroc boars. However, the impact of this factor when different ejaculate fractions are used has not been yet elucidated. Figure 2. * All cells containing DNA are stained with SYBR‐14 or propidium iodide (PI) and sperm concentration is determined in relation to an internal standard of fluorescent microspheres (beads). Based on sperm concentration measurements, two groups of boars were identified: Group 1 - boars providing ejaculates with a sperm concentration of at least 500 × 10 ³ /mm ³ and Group 2 - boars. Briefly, 3 mL of a 2.9% sodium citrate was placed in a cuvette and placed in a spectrophotometer set at 650 nm wavelength before calibration. In our experiments Reproduction 122, 469-480. In fact, concentration of sperm inseminated, may actually compensate for many deficiencies involving the technology when using AI, when conditions are less than optimal. To establish the best sperm concentration range that is suitable for the WST-8 assay, the above-mentioned semen mixtures were subsequently diluted with pre-warmed (37 °C) phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) to obtain a sperm concentration ranging from 300, 150, 75, to 37.5 × 106sperm cells/mL. 1995; Matalliotakis and Koumantakis 2000), in adult male chickens (Neuman et al. The in vivo concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3−), one of the essential sperm capacitating effectors, varies greatly in the different environments sperm go through from cauda epididymis to the fertilisation site. 2, we examined the effects of 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC of two selected lipopeptides with the least negative impact on sperm quality, C16-KKK-NH 2 and C16-KKKK-NH 2, in extended boar semen . The sperm concentration was determined with the aid of spectrophotometer using the following formula (76) × [21.39 × (Absorbance) − 1.09] for boar sperm concentration determinations. It is the concentration of a solute in a liquid or gas expressed as a unit of solute dissolved in one million units of solution. Sperm concentration was greater for DI than SI (P = 0.011), and tended to be greater for DI compared to CNT (P = 0.102). 2.3. Semen Motility should be evaluated both in the ejaculate as well as in a diluted semen analysed after 2-3 days storage at 16-18 degree Celsius. Boar sperm is sensitive to dilution during semen processing [8,23]. sperm. Concentration of sperm cells >150 mill./ml. Based on sperm concentration measurements, two groups of boars were identified: Group 1 - boars providing ejaculates with a sperm concentration of at least 500 × 10 3/mm and Group 2 - boars providing ejaculates with a sperm concentration of less than 500 × 10 3/mm . Determination of the optimal concentration of Minitube Equex paste for boar semen cryopreservation based on sperm motility characteristics. It is well noted that semen samples evaluated over the last four decades have ejaculates in the range of 40-60 billion/ejaculate and a concentration of 150-350 million/mL. Estrogens, present in a high concentration in the female . each boar ejaculate. It measures the sample turbidity in a manner similar to the standard units previously discussed. Kinetic characterization of the changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation of membranes, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and viability in boar sperm populations selected by binding to oviductal epithelial cells. These results indicate that the FACSCount AF System is a valuable tool for precise and accurate assessment of sperm concentration in boar semen and that use of this system may lead to production of more uniform insemination doses containing a specific number of sperm per dose. Sperm concentration affects the amount of seminal plasma surrounding each spermato-zoa, both in raw and extended semen. However, perhaps another concern should address the expected or actual levels of boar sperm concentration observed in the filed today compared to past decades. Frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa are less fertile than fresh or cooled semen [], for reasons not yet completely understood.Boar spermatozoa are susceptible to cold shock [], possibly relating to the lipid composition of the membrane, which contains a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids . 1.5-2 years. Minelli A, Moroni M, Castellini C. Isolation of the IGF-I protein complex from rabbit seminal plasma: effects on sperm mobility and viability. Fifty ejaculates were collected from 37 different boars at an artificial . In general terms, the different methodologies of dilution and fractions of the ejaculate used in the study present optimal results after 5 days of conservation . Accurate assessment of sperm Semen should have a milky white colour and no noticeable odour. Determination of boar sperm concentration using a photometer is used routinely by many artificial insemination (AI) laboratories. Dehydrogenises activity in boar sperm *-significant differences between pre- and posttreatment periods ( P<0,05) It is known that the total dehydrogenase activity correlate with sperm concentration and sperm motility (Beck and Salisbury, 1943). In the Large White boars, group III were ejaculates with sperm concentration above 480 × 10 6 /mL. In the ejaculates of Landrace boars, these relationships are more pronounced than in Large White boars. To maximize sperm survival, a minimum of a 1:4 (i.e., 1 part semen to 4 parts extender) dilution should be obtained to ensure that the final seminal plasma concentration in extended semen is less than 20%. Due to the high concentration of sperm cells in a semen dose, it is necessary to dilute the semen sample to a known dilution factor to decrease the sperm concentration so that individual cells can be counted manually. For this reason, thirty boar ejaculates were divided into three equal volume fractions and cryopreserved with or without GSH at a final concentration of either 2 or 5. mM in freezing media. In the Landrace boars group III were ejaculates with sperm concentration of more than 490 × 10 6 /mL. total number of sperm cells were not different among treatments. This number depends upon age, breed, frequency of collection, and individual boar. Satisfactory staining can be achieved within 2-3 min and the . The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in boar spermatozoa increases in refrigeration; this can have an impact on sperm quality and fertilization capacity. This is expressed in a larger head area and perimeter and in greater total sperm length. Reprod Domest Anim 2002; 37:330- 334. ded for the boars included in the study. The testosterone concentration, libido, percentage of motile spermatozoa, volume of ejaculate, sperm concentration in the ejaculate and the total amount of the abnormal spermatozoa of the experimental boars during periods are presented in Table Table1 1. On the contrary, porcine in vitro sperm capacitation and fertilisation media usually contains a standard concentration of 25 mmol/L, and one of the main problems presented is the . The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the Improvac on testosterone concentration in blood serum, sexual behavior and sperm quality in matured AI boars. This measure is important for determining the number of doses and how many sperm (motile and normal) will be in each dose. Individual estrogens have relatively same effect on capacitation progress. Single immunized boars had semen volume, gel weight, sperm concentration, total sperm and sperm motility that did not differ from CNT boars. In exp. Validation of measurement systems can be obtained by performing measurements against a reference method. Comments Junpen Suwimonteerabutr ; Swine Reproduction Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand . The fluid portion of this suspension is known as seminal plasma and it helps to carry and protect the sperm cells. concentration or total numbers of spermatozoa is not a component of semen quality evaluation, but more so, as a tool to monitor the health and productive output of the boar and as the primary feature in processing boar ejaculates for optimizing the genetic potential of a single individual. Similarly, Vitamin B12 and folic acids tend to produce better results on folate and homocysteine metabolism in pigs during early pregnancy . Assessment of semen concentration. sperm levels from all three tests, it could be seen that the latter were considerably higher than the results of the first testing and almost equal for the other two tests. Download. Ejaculate quality, extender type and length of time sperm are to be stored should be used to dictate optimal dilution rate. In addition, the head size of boar sperm is larger than that of the giant panda and is more sensitive to freezing ( 31 ). To ensure high sperm cell concentration and semen volume, do not collect boars more than three times a week. SQA-V FUNCTIONAL SPERM CONCENTRATION: FSC (Functional Sperm Concentration, M/ml) is the concentration of progressively motile spermatozoa with normal morphology in a semen sample. A total of nine Danish Landrace AI boars were included in the analysis. The aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of boar, breed of the boar, sperm concentration and weight of the ejaculate on motility and acrosome integrity of liquid boar semen stored in BTS for 5 days. The ejaculates, which met the minimum spermio-gram standards for fresh semen, were used for the study. Epididymis is an elongated organ on the posterior surface of a testis that stores sperm while they mature. Figure 2 compares the sperm concentration (number of sperm x 10 6 /ml) of semen samples from different ejaculates (1-14) obtained with a colorimeter and the Bürker chamber. Immediately after collection and filtration, a 1:1 di-. The stimulatory effect depends on capacitation time and is highly influenced by differences in the response to estrogens such as E2 by individual animals. Evaluating semen Volume 125 82 177 171 158 81 150 120 77 95 159 73 116 60 79 73 153 141 95 50 Fructose (mg./lOO ml.) The Pig 4MID® Kit (Ref. 7-6 5-2 7-2 12-6 5-4 6-8 5-6 5-7 5-4 4-6 6-5 3-8 4-5 2-5 . Concentration Concentration is an essential measure of total sperm cells in the ejaculate. Evaluation of semen Evaluation of semen and sperm morphology was performed immediately after semen collection. Citing Literature Volume 37, Issue 6 December 2002 Pages 330-334 Comparison of the calculated sperm concentration between a colorimeter and the Bürker's chamber for the same semen samples. This is a very difficult parameter to measure manually since you have to kill the progressive cells to assess the morphology. Collect twice a day or on two successive days to re-inseminate females bred 8 to 12 hours before. Linear and . . Sperm cell concentration and motility were analysed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system (HT CASA - Ceros II, Hamiltan Thorne, Beverly, MA) as per guidelines of the supplier. lution was made and the sperm concentration of the . Raw semen was evaluated for volume, sperm concentration (by means of a Neubauer chamber), and an aliquot was fixed in 4% formaldehyde for sperm morphological analysis (using differential interference contrast microscopy). Mammalian sperm must undergo a series of controlled molecular processes in the female reproductive tract called capacitation before they are capable of penetrating and fertilizing the egg. Introduction. The optimum progressive motility of boar spermatozoa was observed in extender with 0.5&# . 700 x g for 5 minutes for sperm recovery. Overall, our work and the above studies suggest a . In conclusion, it could be presumed that the trace element selenium influenced considerably the concentration of lysozyme in boar sperm. Sperm cryopreservation is not common in swine artificial insemination programs. The experiment was a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. The quality of raw, post-holding, and post-thaw semen was evaluated at the farm. 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